We present here a simple, methodical procedure for determining the final gear ratio of an epicyclic gear train. This method is extremely procedural, which is appropriate since use of intuition is often quite futile when applied to complex gear trains.

We can use the following superposition concept for determining rotational speeds of the gears:

In the following illustration and analysis, the sun gear has twice the diameter of the planet gear.

We can analyze this non-intuitive configuration with the following table. For this discussion, a positive turn is defined to be counterclockwise.

Action	Arm Turns	Planet Turns	Sun Turns
With all moving parts locked, the entire assembly is given one positive turn (CCW).	+1	+1	+1
With the arm fixed, the sun is given one negative turn (CW).	0	(NSUN/NPLANET)=+2	-1
Add the above two values to obtain the RESULTANT TURNS.	+1	+3	0

To demonstrate the derivation of the above table, we will go through the procedure step-by-step.

STEP 1 All moving parts of the train are locked with respect to each other. Then, the entire assembly is turned CCW one turn (360 degrees). The obvious result of this is that each and every element of the gear train undergoes +1 turns, as tabulated below.

 

Action	Arm Turns	Planet Turns	Sun Turns
With all moving parts locked, the entire assembly is given one positive turn (CCW).	+1	+1	+1

STEP 2   The arm is fixed, and the sun gear is given one negative turn (CW). Since what happens is fairly simple to visualize, the results can be predicted and tabulated as shown below.

Action	Arm Turns	Planet Turns	Sun Turns
With all moving parts locked, the entire assembly is given one positive turn (CCW).	+1	+1	+1
With the arm fixed, the sun is given one negative turn (CW).	0	(NSUN/NPLANET)=+2	-1

STEP 3   For Step 3, we simply superimpose the two effects of Step 1 and Step 2. This involves adding the turns in each step so that we sum up the columns in the table.

Action	Arm Turns	Planet Turns	Sun Turns
With all moving parts locked, the entire assembly is given one positive turn (CCW).	+1	+1	+1
With the arm fixed, the sun is given one negative turn (CW).	0	(NSUN/NPLANET)=+2	-1
Add the above two values to obtain the RESULTANT TURNS.	+1	+3	0

With the rotation of each element of the gear train in hand, the overall gear ratio becomes easy. If the arm is the input and the planet is the output, the overall gear ratio is 3/1 = 3.

For a more involved epicyclic gear train example, please refer to the Epicyclic Gear Train Example section.