Overview |
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Transit Time Ultrasonic Flowmeter: A pair (or pairs) of transducers, each having its own transmitter and receiver, are placed on the pipe wall, one (set) on the upstream and the other (set) on the downstream. The time for acoustic waves to travel from the upstream transducer to the downstream transducer td is shorter than the time it reqires for the same waves to travel from the downstream to the upstream tu. The larger the difference, the higher the flow velocity. ![]() td and tu can be expressed in the following forms: ![]() where c is the speed of sound in the fluid, V is the flow velocity, L is the distance between the transducers and The difference of td and tu is ![]() where X is the projected length of the path along the pipe direction (X = L cos To simplify, we assume that the flow velocity V is much smaller than the speed of sound c, that is, ![]() or, ![]() Note that the speed of sound c in the fluid is affected by many factors such as temperature and density. It is desirable to express c in terms of the transit times td and tu to avoid frequent calibrations: ![]() ![]() The flow velocity is now only a function of the transducer layout (L, X) and the measured transit times tu and td. ![]() The above formula can be further simplified by utilizing the following approximation: ![]() The flow velocity can therefore be written as ![]() |
Common Specifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Common specifications for commercially available transit time ultrasonic flowmeterss are listed below:
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Pros and Cons | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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