CNC Machining Design Guide

Optimize your designs, reduce machining time, and lower your costs.

3D Scanners

A white paper to assist in the evaluation of 3D scanning hardware solutions.

Mechanical Engineers Outlook

Guide for those interested in becoming a mechanical engineer. Includes qualifications, pay, and job duties.

Negotiate Your Salary

Learn the best principles to negotiate the salary you deserve!

more free publications

Materials

Design

Processes

Units

Formulas

Math
Newton's Law of Cooling
The essential ingredients of forced convection heat transfer analysis are given by Newton's Law of Cooling,
The rate of heat transfered to the surrounding fluid is proportional to the object's exposed area A, and the difference between the object temperature Tw and the fluid free-stream temperature .

The constant of proportionality h is termed the convection heat-transfer coefficient. Other terms describing h include film coefficient and film conductance.

Definition of Symbols
Independent Parameters for the Fluid
Quantity Symbol Units
  free-stream temperature   K
  free-stream velocity   m/s
  kinematic viscosity   n m2/s
  dynamic viscosity   m kg/m-s
  density   r kg/m3
  thermal diffusivity   a m2/s
  specific heat   cp J/kg-K
  thermal conductivity   k W/m-K

Independent Parameters for the Object
Quantity Symbol Units
  surface reference length   L m
  surface diameter (for pipes)   D m
  surface (wall) temperature   Tw K

Dependent Parameters
Quantity Symbol Units
  surface to fluid temp. difference   K
  heat transfer coefficient   h W/m2-K
Glossary
FREE Publications
CNC Machining Design Guide

Optimize your designs, reduce machining time, and lower your costs.

3D Scanners

A white paper to assist in the evaluation of 3D scanning hardware solutions.

Mechanical Engineers Outlook

Guide for those interested in becoming a mechanical engineer. Includes qualifications, pay, and job duties.

Negotiate Your Salary

Learn the best principles to negotiate the salary you deserve!

more publications