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Maximum Normal Stress Criterion
The maximum stress criterion, also known as the normal stress, Coulomb, or Rankine criterion, is often used to predict the failure of brittle materials.

The maximum stress criterion states that failure occurs when the maximum (normal) principal stress reaches either the uniaxial tension strength st, or the uniaxial compression strength sc,

-sc < {s1, s2} < st

where s1 and s2 are the principal stresses for 2D stress.

Graphically, the maximum stress criterion requires that the two principal stresses lie within the green zone depicted below,

Mohr's Theory
The Mohr Theory of Failure, also known as the Coulomb-Mohr criterion or internal-friction theory, is based on the famous Mohr's Circle. Mohr's theory is often used in predicting the failure of brittle materials, and is applied to cases of 2D stress.

Mohr's theory suggests that failure occurs when Mohr's Circle at a point in the body exceeds the envelope created by the two Mohr's circles for uniaxial tensile strength and uniaxial compression strength. This envelope is shown in the figure below,

The left circle is for uniaxial compression at the limiting compression stress sc of the material. Likewise, the right circle is for uniaxial tension at the limiting tension stress st.

The middle Mohr's Circle on the figure (dash-dot-dash line) represents the maximum allowable stress for an intermediate stress state.

All intermediate stress states fall into one of the four categories in the following table. Each case defines the maximum allowable values for the two principal stresses to avoid failure.

Case Principal Stresses Criterion
requirements
1 Both in tension s1 > 0, s2 > 0 s1 < st, s2 < st
2 Both in compression s1 < 0, s2 < 0 s1 > -sc, s2 > -sc
3 s1 in tension, s2 in compression s1 > 0, s2 < 0
4 s1 in compression, s2 in tension s1 < 0, s2 > 0
Graphically, Mohr's theory requires that the two principal stresses lie within the green zone depicted below,

Also shown on the figure is the maximum stress criterion (dashed line). This theory is less conservative than Mohr's theory since it lies outside Mohr's boundary.

Mechanical Engineers Outlook

Guide for those interested in becoming a mechanical engineer. Includes qualifications, pay, and job duties.

Essentials of Manufacturing

Information, coverage of important developments and expert commentary in manufacturing.

Selecting the Right 3D Printer

Discover how to choose the right 3D printer for your needs and the key performance attributes to consider.

Injection Molding Design Guide

Guide for high quality and cost-effective plastic injection molding.