Properties of Common Solid Materials

Introduction

Properties of common solid materials are divided into following categories:

	Physical properties: Density, melting and boiling temperature.
	Mechanical Properties: Including basic mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus, shear modulus, Poisson's ratio, and mechanical strength properties, i.e., yielding stress, ultimate stress, elongation.
	Thermal Properties: Coefficient of thermal expansion, thermal conductivity.
	Electric Properties: Electric resistivity.
	Acoustic Properties: Compression wave velocity, shear wave velocity, bar velocity.

Note:	1.	All properties are under 1 atm (1.01325×10⁵ Pa; 760 mmHg; 14.6959 psi) and at room temperature 25 ºC (77 ºF) unless specified otherwise.
	2.	Further information on a specific material can be obtained by clicking the name of that particular material in the following table.
	3.	Users who prefer Standard or other unit systems rather than the SI units, click the amount (number) of the specific material property for unit conversion.
	4.	Materials in different phases at room temperature: Liquid, Gas.

Basic Mechanical Properties

Material	Elastic Modulus (GPa)	Shear Modulus (GPa)	Poisson's Ratio
Aluminum [Al]	70	26	0.33
Aluminum Alloy	70 - 79	26 - 30	0.33
Brass	96 - 110	36 - 41	0.34
Brass; Noval	100	39	0.34
Brass; Red (80% Cu, 20% Zn)	100	39	0.34
Brick (Compression)	10 - 24	-	-
Bronze; Regular	96 - 120	36 - 44	0.34
Bronze; Manganese	100	39	0.34
Carbon [C]	6.9	-	-
Ceramic	300 - 400	-	-
Concrete	18 - 30	-	0.1 - 0.2
Copper [Cu]	110 - 120	40 - 47	0.33 - 0.36
Copper Alloy	120	47	-
Cork	-	-	0
Glass	48 - 83	19 - 34	0.2 - 0.27
Gold [Au]	83	-	0.44
Iron (Cast)	83 - 170	32 - 69	0.2 - 0.3
Iron (Wrought)	190	75	0.3
Magnesium [Mg]	41	15	0.35
Magnesium Alloy	45	17	0.35
Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu)	170	66	0.32
Nickel [Ni]	210	80	0.31
Nylon; Polyamide	2.1 - 2.8	-	0.4
Platinum [Pt]	145	-	0.38
Rubber	7.0 × 10^-4 - 4.0 × 10^-3	2.0 × 10^-4 - 1.0 × 10^-3	0.45 - 0.5
Silver [Ag]	76	-	-
Solder; Tin-Lead	18 - 35	-	-
Steel	190 - 210	75 - 80	0.27 - 0.3
Stone; Granite (Compression)	40 - 70	-	0.2 - 0.3
Stone; Limestone (Compression)	20 - 70	-	0.2 - 0.3
Stone; Marble (Compression)	50 - 100	-	0.2 - 0.3
Tin [Sn]	41	-	0.36
Titanium [Ti]	110	40 - 40	0.33
Titanium Alloy	110 - 120	39 - 44	0.33
Wood; Ash (Bending)	10 - 11	-	-
Wood; Douglas Fir (Bending)	11 - 13	-	-
Wood; Oak (Bending)	11 - 12	-	-
Wood; Southern Pine (Bending)	11 - 14	-	-
Zinc [Zn]	-	-	0.25

Mechanical Strength Properties

Material	Yield Stress (MPa)	Ultimate Stress (MPa)	Elongation (%)
Aluminum [Al]	20	70	60
Aluminum Alloy	35 - 500	100 - 550	1 - 45
Brass	70 - 550	200 - 620	4 - 60
Brass; Noval	170 - 410	410 - 590	15 - 50
Brass; Red (80% Cu, 20% Zn)	90 - 470	300 - 590	4 - 50
Brick	-	7.0 - 70	-
Bronze; Regular	82 - 690	200 - 830	5 - 60
Bronze; Manganese	170 - 450	450 - 620	10 - 35
Concrete (Compression)	-	10 - 70	-
Copper [Cu]	55 - 330	230 - 380	10 - 50
Copper Alloy	760	830	4
Glass	-	30 - 1000	-
Iron (Cast)	120 - 290	69 - 480	0 - 1
Iron (Wrought)	210	340	35
Magnesium [Mg]	20 - 70	100 - 170	5 - 15
Magnesium Alloy	80 - 280	140 - 340	2 - 20
Monel (67% Ni, 30% Cu)	170 - 1100	450 - 1200	2 - 50
Nickel [Ni]	140 - 620	310 - 760	2 - 50
Nylon; Polyamide	-	40 - 70	50
Rubber	1.0 - 7.0	7.0 - 20	100 - 800
Solder; Tin-Lead	-	12 - 54	55 - 30
Steel	280 - 1600	340 - 1900	3 - 40
Stone; Granite (Compression)	-	70 - 280	-
Stone; Limestone (Compression)	-	20 - 200	-
Stone; Marble (Compression)	-	50 - 180	-
Titanium [Ti]	-	500	25
Titanium Alloy	-	900 - 970	10
Tungsten [W]	-	1400 - 4000	0 - 4
Wood; Ash (Bending)	40 - 70	50 - 100	-
Wood; Douglas Fir (Bending)	30 - 50	50 - 80	-
Wood; Oak (Bending)	40 - 60	50 - 100	-
Wood; Southern Pine (Bending)	40 - 60	50 - 100	-

Glossary